Gender Identity: The Role of Hormones and Environment
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A 4 page discussion of how our gender can be affected by both genetics and our environment. This paper specifically considers the problems presented by infants with ambiguous genitalia and adults who seek surgical intervention to change their sex. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Gender Physiology: Issues and Research Relating to Gender Differences in Carbohydrate Oxidation in Mild, Moderate and Intense Exercise
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This is a 13 page paper on carbohydrate oxidation differences between genders in mild, moderate and intense exercise. Carbohydrate oxidation is just one of the three processes which can occurred when glucose has been taken in by the muscle. After carbohydrates are consumed and stored as glucose in the muscle, the glucose can either go through the process of oxidation; can be stored in the muscles as glycogen or can be converted to a carbon compound; most commonly lactate and is transported to the liver. During exercise, fat and carbohydrate oxidation provide the two most essential fuels used as energy production in the muscles. It has most recently been found that during all levels of exercise (mild, moderate and intense) that women have a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) than men, indicating an increased reliance on fats as fuel and these findings seem to indicate that that women generally oxidize less carbohydrates and more fat then men. In studying the differences in gender and carbohydrate oxidation and exercise however, it is necessary to understand the relationship between carbohydrate and fat oxidation, general gender differences in carbohydrate oxidation, the relationship between rates of glycogen storage and carbohydrate supply and exercise, the effects of different compound (caffeine) ingestion carbohydrate oxidation and the recent assumptions used to determine gender differences in oxidation rates during exercise. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
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Genetic Predisposition and Physical Performance: Height as It Relates to Performance in the NBA
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An 8 page exploration of whether genetic predisposition affects physical performance. The author utilizes statistics from the NBA to demonstrate that height is largely irrelevant in regard to the relative performance of six specific NBA players. Summaries of field goals and free throws attempted verses those completed and average rebound points per game are discussed for Kevin Garnet (Minnesota Timberwolves), Dirk Nowitz (Dallas Mavericks), Shaquille O'Neil (Miami Heat), Zach Randolph (Portland Trailblazers), Elton Brand (Los Angeles Clippers) and Shawn Marion (Phoenix Suns). These summaries are then presented in tabular and graphic format and conclusions made as to the importance of height as it relates to these players' performance. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPgenHgt.rtf